What is the most significant factor that affects wake turbulence?

The most significant factor that affects wake turbulence is the weight of the aircraft. Wake turbulence is generated by the wings of an aircraft as it moves through the air, with the intensity and strength of the turbulence being closely related to the weight of the aircraft. Heavier aircraft produce stronger vortices, which can pose hazards to smaller aircraft during takeoff, landing, or when flying in proximity.

This relationship can be attributed to the physics of lift generation, where larger and heavier aircraft create more significant changes in air pressure as they generate lift. As they traverse through the air, they displace more air due to their weight, leading to the creation of larger and more powerful trailing vortices.

While factors such as altitude, speed, and wing shape can influence the behavior and dispersion of wake turbulence, weight remains the predominant factor that determines the intensity and potential danger of the turbulence produced. Therefore, understanding an aircraft's weight is crucial for ensuring safe separation protocols between flights in air traffic control.