What effect does wake turbulence have on traffic management?

Wake turbulence refers to the turbulent air left behind by aircraft in flight, particularly larger aircraft, and it has significant implications for traffic management in airspace. The correct understanding is that wake turbulence increases separation and delays in air traffic.

This is because to avoid the adverse effects of wake turbulence—such as loss of control or sudden changes in flight paths—air traffic controllers must enforce greater spacing between aircraft, especially during takeoff and landing phases. When larger aircraft take off or land, smaller aircraft following them must be instructed to maintain a safe distance, which can lead to increased separation distances. This increased separation often results in longer wait times for aircraft in circuits, leading to delays in departures or arrivals.

The effects on traffic management, therefore, are substantial; heightened safety protocols necessitate a reevaluation of flight schedules and traffic flows. This ensures all aircraft maintain safe and efficient operations while mitigating the risks posed by wake turbulence.