What effect do extending flaps have on an aircraft?

Extending flaps on an aircraft has a significant effect on its aerodynamic properties, primarily by increasing both lift and drag. When flaps are deployed, the wing's camber is altered, allowing the aircraft to generate more lift at lower speeds. This is particularly important during takeoff and landing phases of flight, where slower speeds are common, and more lift is needed to maintain flight.

Additionally, while lift increases, drag naturally increases as well due to the more significant surface area exposed and changes in airflow around the wing. One crucial aspect of extending flaps is their ability to lower the stall speed, which is the speed at which the aircraft can no longer maintain level flight without losing altitude. By generating more lift at lower speeds, flaps allow pilots to fly safely at slower speeds, making landings and takeoffs smoother and safer.

The other choices do not accurately depict the role of flaps in flight dynamics. For instance, stating that extending flaps decreases drag is incorrect, as it actually increases drag. The claim that flaps only lower stall speed neglects the important benefit of increased lift that flaps provide.