What does the rudder control on an aircraft?

The rudder of an aircraft is primarily responsible for controlling yaw, which is the horizontal movement of the aircraft around its vertical axis. When a pilot moves the rudder pedals, the rudder deflects to the left or right, directing the aircraft's nose in that direction. This is crucial for maintaining control during flight, particularly when making turns or compensating for any side slip or adverse yaw that may occur during banking maneuvers.

The importance of the rudder lies in its ability to help stabilize the aircraft and ensure coordinated flight. Proper use of the rudder can prevent adverse yaw that occurs when the aircraft is banked in one direction but tends to yaw in the opposite direction due to the differential lift and drag on the wings.

In contrast, pitch refers to the up or down movement of the aircraft's nose, controlled by the elevators; roll involves tilting the wings and is controlled by the ailerons; and lift is the aerodynamic force that keeps the aircraft in the air, primarily generated by the wings. Understanding the role of each control surface is vital for effective aircraft operation and safety.