CFRs govern aircraft operating in the airspace within how many miles of the U.S. coast?

The correct answer is that the CFRs (Code of Federal Regulations) govern aircraft operating in the airspace within 12 nautical miles (NM) of the U.S. coast because this range aligns with the territorial sea limits established by international law, recognized by the United States. According to U.S. law, the territorial sea extends 12 NM from the baseline of the coast, and this zone is under the jurisdiction of U.S. law, including regulations pertaining to air traffic control.

Aircraft operating within this area fall under the regulations set forth to ensure safety, maintain order, and promote efficient traffic management in the airspace controlled by the United States. This jurisdiction allows for regulatory oversight to provide services such as air traffic management and search and rescue operations, which are essential for the safety of aircraft and passengers.

Understanding this limit is crucial for pilots, air traffic controllers, and aviation professionals because it delineates the area where specific regulations apply, as well as ensuring compliance with national security protocols and international agreements. The other options provided do not align with the established legal framework concerning airspace governance, as they either extend beyond the internationally recognized territorial waters or fall short of the established limits.