At what point during flight does an aircraft create more wake turbulence?

The correct answer identifies that an aircraft creates more wake turbulence during the approach phase of flight. This is primarily due to the airflow behavior and wing configuration changes occurring as the aircraft prepares to land.

During approach, an aircraft typically operates at lower speeds while maintaining a higher angle of attack to reduce its stall speed and ensure precise control. This increased angle of attack generates stronger vortices off the wings compared to cruising, where the aircraft operates at higher speeds and lower angles of attack.

Wake turbulence is caused by the wings generating lift, and it is most significant when the aircraft is heavy, clean (no lift augmentation devices extended), and configured for landing. The aircraft’s configuration during approach, often involving flaps and landing gear, can exacerbate the turbulence effects, which may linger in the air for a considerable time.

Takeoff and landing also generate wake turbulence, but the distinctive conditions during the approach phase, such as slower speeds and a specific flight profile involving configuration changes, make this phase particularly notable for increased vortex generation.